I've given my answer a confidence level of '3' because I haven't been able to find Cacique System.

Cacique (Spanish: [kaˈθike, kaˈsike]; Portuguese: [kɐˈsikɨ, kaˈsiki]; feminine form: cacica) is a title derived from the Taíno for the pre-Colombian chiefs or leaders of tribes in the Bahamas, Greater Antilles, and the northern Lesser Antilles. Subsequent to encounters with the Taíno upon their arrival in the New World, the Spanish used the word as a title for the leaders of the other indigenous tribes they encountered in the Western Hemisphere territories they occupied. In Spanish language, the term has come to mean a local political boss who exercises significant power.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cacique



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Note added at 24 mins (2013-12-11 00:25:21 GMT)
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And cacique has become more than just the title of an Indian chief. Where Spanish is spoken, both in Spain and elsewhere, cacique was imported as a name for a nearly autonomous local political boss under a feudal national government. In Mexico down to the present day, power has frequently been in the hands of local self-appointed bosses, often wealthy landowners, who are called caciques. In the Philippines, some analysts have argued that the American occupation of the early twentieth century fostered "cacique democracy."

Read more: http://www.answers.com/topic/cacique#ixzz2n7aDj342

Let’s set aside culture and return to the colonial history of the Philippines and how it influenced institutions. One of the most influential analyses of this is due to the political scientist Benedict Anderson, whose 1988 article in the New Left Review “Cacique Democracy in the Philippines: Origins and Dreams” laid out a theory of the political economy of the Philippines.

http://whynationsfail.com/blog/2012/12/26/cacique-democracy....

Maybe you could use 'Cacique democratic system'.