This site uses cookies.
Some of these cookies are essential to the operation of the site,
while others help to improve your experience by providing insights into how the site is being used.
For more information, please see the ProZ.com privacy policy.
Freelance translator and/or interpreter, Verified site user
Data security
This person has a SecurePRO™ card. Because this person is not a ProZ.com Plus subscriber, to view his or her SecurePRO™ card you must be a ProZ.com Business member or Plus subscriber.
Affiliations
This person is not affiliated with any business or Blue Board record at ProZ.com.
English to Spanish: Abdominal fat and Diabetes Articles General field: Medical Detailed field: Nutrition
Source text - English The association between abdominal fat accumulation and risk of chronic diseases, including type II diabetes and coronary heart disease, has long been recognized. Insulin resistance may be a key factor in this link. Many studies have pointed to an association between insulin resistance and intra-abdominal fat accumulation (visceral obesity). However there is no clear proof of a causal link between visceral fat accumulation and insulin resistance. In assessing the probability of a causal link, it is useful to consider potential mechanisms. One such potential causal link is the release of non-esterified fatty acids from visceral fat into the portal vein, so that they have direct effects on hepatic metabolism. Visceral fat has been shown in many studies to exhibit a high rate of lipolysis compared with subcutaneous fat depots. However, if the idea that visceral fat releases fatty acids into the portal vein at a high rate is examined critically, a number of difficulties appear. Not least of these is the fact that continued high rates of lipolysis should lead to the disappearance of the visceral fat depot, unless these high rates of fat mobilization are matched by high rates of fat deposition. There is far less evidence for high rates of fat deposition in visceral adipose tissue, and some contrary evidence. Evidence for high rates of visceral lipolysis in vivo from studies involving catheterization of the portal vein is not strong. If this potential link is discounted, then other reasons for the relationship between visceral fat and insulin resistance must be considered. One is that there is no direct causal link, but both co-correlate with some other variable. A possibility is that this other variable is subcutaneous abdominal fat, which usually outweighs intra-abdominal fat several-fold. Subcutaneous fat probably plays the major role in determining systemic plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations, which are relevant in determining insulin resistance. In conclusion, there is at present no proof of a causal link between visceral fat accumulation and insulin resistance, or the associated metabolic syndrome. The possibility of co-correlation with some other factor, such as subcutaneous abdominal fat accumulation, must not be forgotten.
Translation - Spanish Hace mucho tiempo que se reconoce la asociación entre la acumulación de grasa abdominal y el riesgo de enfermedades crónicas, incluyendo la diabetes de tipo 2 y la enfermedad coronaria. La resistencia insulínica puede constituir un factor clave en esta relación. Muchos estudios han apuntado a una asociación entre la resistencia insulínica y la acumulación de grasa intra-abdominal (obesidad visceral). Sin embargo, no hay una prueba definitiva del nexo causal entre acumulación de grasa visceral y resistencia insulínica. Para determinar la probabilidad de un nexo causal, resulta útil considerar los mecanismos potenciales. Uno de estos nexos causales potenciales es la liberación de ácidos grasos no esterificados desde la grasa visceral hacia la vena porta, de modo que tienen un efecto directo sobre el metabolismo hepático. En muchos estudios se ha mostrado que la grasa visceral presenta una elevada velocidad de lipólisis en comparación con los depósitos subcutáneos de grasa. Sin embargo, si se examina críticamente la idea de que la grasa liberal libera ácidos grasos en la vena porta a gran velocidad, se presentan varias dificultades. Entre éstas está el hecho de que, si las velocidades elevadas de lipólisis son continuas, deberían llevar a la desaparición del depósito visceral de grasa, a menos que se vean igualadas por altas velocidades de deposición de grasa. Existe mucha menos evidencia de altas velocidades de deposición de grasa en el tejido adiposo visceral, y hasta algunas evidencias en contra. La evidencia de velocidades elevadas de lipólisis visceral in vivo provenientes de estudios que implican la cateterización de la vena porta, n o es demasiado fuerte. Si se descarta este nexo potencial, deben considerarse otras razones para la relación entre grasa visceral y resistencia insulínica. Una consiste en afirmar que no existe un nexo causal directo, sino que ambas están relacionadas con alguna otra variable. Existe la posibilidad de que esta otra variable sea la grasa abdominal subcutánea, que por lo general es varias veces más que la grasa intra-abdominal. Probablemente, la grasa subcutánea juegue un papel fundamental en determinar las concentraciones sistémicas en plasma de ácidos grasos no esterificados, que son relevantes para determinar la resistencia insulínica. En conclusión, no existe actualmente la prueba de que haya un nexo causal entre acumulación de grasa visceral y resistencia insulínica, o el síndrome metabólico asociado. No debe olvidarse la posibilidad de que exista una correlación con algún otro factor, como la acumulación subcutánea de grasa abdominal.
English to Spanish: Cathodic Protection Manual for NACE General field: Tech/Engineering Detailed field: Petroleum Eng/Sci
Source text - English Cathodic protection on a structure requires that electric charge be transferred from the soil to exposed metal surfaces of the pipe in sufficient density to overcome the corrosion mechanisms present at the pipe-soil interface. The cathodic protection system must provide sufficient electric potential between the structure and soil to maintain the required level of charge transfer at all locations where bare metal surfaces of the pipe come in contact with the earth. Various corrosion mechanisms associated with the specific conditions along a structure dictate the actual current required.
On an electrically long structure, such as a pipeline, attenuation is the term applied to the decrease in pipe to soil electric potential shift produced by a cathodic protection system as the distance from the source of current, generally a rectifier, increases. On a pipeline, the incremental loss in pipe to soil potential shift is caused an increasing current path resistance and hence diminishing current density. Figure 2 is an electrical circuit that illustrates how attenuation occurs. The voltage drop is greatest near the current source where the highest current flow is present on the pipe. The lower the attenuation, the greater the possible separation of cathodic protection power sources along a pipeline.
Translation - Spanish La protección catódica de una estructura requiere que la carga eléctrica se transfiera del suelo a las superficies metálicas del tubo expuestas, con la densidad de corriente suficiente como para contrarrestar los mecanismos de corrosión que actúan en la interfase tubo-suelo. El sistema de protección catódica debe suministrar suficiente potencial eléctrico entre la estructura y el suelo como para mantener el nivel requerido de carga eléctrica en todos los puntos en que las superficies desnudas del tubo entren en contacto con la tierra. La corriente requerida está determinada con varios mecanismos relacionados con las condiciones específicas a lo largo de la estructura.
En una estructura eléctricamente larga, como es el caso de una tubería, la atenuación es el término que representa la disminución del desplazamiento del potencial eléctrico tubo-suelo, producido por el sistema de protección catódica, a medida que aumenta la distancia a la fuente de corriente (por lo general, un rectificador). En una tubería, esta progresiva pérdida de potencial tubo-suelo está causada por un aumento de la resistencia al paso de la corriente, y por ende, una densidad de corriente decreciente. La Figura 2 representa un circuito eléctrico que muestra cómo tiene lugar la atenuación. La caída de potencial es máxima cerca de la fuente, ya que allí es donde hay más circulación de corriente en el tubo. Cuanto menor es la atenuación, mayor es el espaciamiento que se puede asignar a las fuentes de protección catódica a lo largo de la tubería.
“If you are looking for a translator that can capture style and flow, this is the one! Great quality work, highly responsive and professional! I would recommend adLinguas in a second for all of your translation needs!”
“Great to work with. Very professional. This project required her to go a bit outside of her normal tasks and she really handled it beautifully. Her work was fantastic, on time and more than I expected. I can't wait to work with her again.”
“This is the first time Mail2World has worked with provider malbaya, and we are completely delighted with her performance. She was tasked with correcting a poorly translated document and turned it into an accurate, clean, easy-to-use Help Guide for our Spanish-speaking customers. Malbaya asked intelligent questions, was a pleasure to work with, and in a highly professional flourish, she created a spreadsheet we can use to ensure consistency in future translations. A smart, hard-working, exceptional translator, I highly recommend malbaya for any project she chooses to accept." Carol Mason, Senior IT Project Manager, Mail2World, Inc.
“Truly wonderful. She went above and beyond the requirements and I can't say enough great things about the quality of the work. She not only produced flawless translations, she also provided ideas for one of our software products that the translation was used for.”
Expertise